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原文标题：The glass-ceiling indexGap yearIs the gender pay gap opening up again?玻璃天花板指数间隔年男女薪资差距再度扩大？With luck, the increase in 2021 was ablip幸运的是，2021年指数增加只是一个插曲

[Paragraph 1]ON AVERAGE, WOMEN earn less than men. Much of this is because of the jobs they perform, by choice or social expectation; these are often worse-paid than typical male occupations. 平均而言，女性的薪资低于男性。这很大程度上是因为她们所从事的职业，不论是自主选择还是社会期望，薪资通常比男性从事的职业低。Some, as when women’s pay is lower for the same position, is the result of discrimination. 有些情况下，比如相同职位女性薪资低于男性，这便是歧视的结果。Before the covid-19 pandemic, the gap between median male and female wages was at least edging down. 在新冠之前，男女薪资中位数之间的差距至少有所缩小。The Economist’s glass-ceiling index of female workplace empowerment, published each year on March 8th, international women’s day, shows that this salutary trend reversed in 2021 in some of the mostly rich members of the OECD, including Britain and Canada (see chart).每年3月8日的国际妇女节，《经济学人》会公布职场女性赋权的“玻璃天花板指数”，2021年的指数出现了逆转令人欣慰的趋势，例如OECD发达国家俱乐部中的英国和加拿大（见图表）。

[Paragraph 2]One explanation is a hangover from the pandemic. 其中一个解释是疫情的后遗症。When hotels, restaurants and shops shut their doors amid lockdowns, their workers’ wages suffered disproportionately. And those workers were disproportionately women. 在封锁期间，当旅馆、餐馆和商店关闭时，员工的薪资下降严重。而这些工人中，女性占比较高。If so, the widening pay gap may have been a blip: demand from employers in these sectors has been hot since economies began to reopen. 如果是这样，薪资差距扩大可能只是一时的。自从经济重开以来，这些行业的雇主用人需求一直很旺。Americans working in leisure and hospitality have seen their earnings grow faster than thosetoiling in more male-dominated industries such as transport over the past year or so. 在过去一年左右的时间里，美国休闲和酒店业从业人员的收入增长速度比男性主导的行业（如交通运输）从业人员要快。[Paragraph 3]The return to the pre-pandemic trend will be helped by women’s gains at the other end of the income spectrum. 另一端女性的高收入将有助于指数回归疫情前的趋势。In 2022 the share of board members across the OECD who were women crept over 30% for the first time. 在2022年，OECD中董事会成员中女性的比例首次超过30%。MSCI now expects parity by 2038, four years earlier than previous estimates. 现在MSCI估计2038年会实现男女薪资平等，比之前的估计提前了4年。Only 64 out of 3,000 or so big companies in the research firm’s global stock index had a female-majority board. But that was double the number in 2021 and includes giants like Citigroup and Shell. 根据MSCI全球股票指数，约3000家大公司中只有64家董事会的女性占多数。但这已经是2021年的2倍，包括花旗集团和壳牌等巨头公司。Analysis just published by Moody’s, a credit-rating agency, shows that such firms in North America have consistently higher credit ratings. 信用评级机构“穆迪”最近发布的分析表明，北美这类公司一直具有更高的信用评级。Disentangling cause and effect is not easy. Empowering women ought to be.理顺因果关系并不容易，但赋予女性更多权力应该是明确的方向。（恭喜读完，本篇英语词汇量 350左右）原文出自：2023年3月11日《The Economist》Business版块。

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【补充资料】（来自于网络）玻璃天花板指数The glass-ceiling index是一个经济学术语，用于描述某个国家中女性在职场上晋升的难度。这个指数通过考虑女性在工作场所中受到的性别歧视以及她们的经济状况和社会地位等因素来测量。这些因素包括女性在工作市场上的就业机会、收入差距、政策支持、教育水平等等。这个指数是由经济学人杂志所创建的，用于衡量世界各国女性在职场上面临的障碍程度。通常来说，这个指数越高，说明该国女性在职场中晋升的难度越大。MSCI是指摩根士丹利资本国际（Morgan Stanley Capital International），是一家国际性的金融服务公司，提供全球性的投资决策支持和风险管理工具。MSCI的主要业务包括开发和维护一系列用于衡量不同市场、行业、公司等的指数，为投资者提供定量化的投资标准和参考，同时也提供投资组合管理和风险管理工具等服务。MSCI指数被广泛用于金融市场中，包括被用作金融产品的基准和投资组合管理的工具。【重点句子】（3 个）Some, as when women’s pay is lower for the same position, is the result of discrimination. 有些情况下，比如相同职位女性收入低于男性，这便是歧视的结果。If so, the widening pay gap may have been a blip: demand from employers in these sectors has been hot since economies began to reopen. 如果是这样，薪资差距扩大可能只是一时的。自从经济重开以来，这些行业的雇主用人需求一直很旺。Disentangling cause and effect is not easy. Empowering women ought to be.理顺因果关系并不容易，但赋予女性更多权力应该是明确的方向。